I was curious to know about 'how the Internet work?', 'how files are sent from one computer to another?', and 'How people send data from one country to another?' . when I researched these things it was complex. In this blog, I would be breaking down this complexity into smaller chunks.
These are the topics that I will cover in this blog.
History of network
protocols
submarine cable
Due to the cold war between US and USSR, there were a lot of clashes between these 2 giants in terms of defense, innovation, space, etc at that time The USSR also won by launching its 1st satellite 'Sputnik 1'. In response to that the US government created a program ARPA(Advance Research Projects Agency). This agency is made to deal with all the scientific discoveries to put the USA back on top. So they established computer research centers at top scientific universities in various parts of the united states But it was really difficult to communicate or share research and information. so they developed ARPANET. This was the first form of the Internet, now lot more things are coming up like web3, etc.
This transmitting of data has rules as there are a vast number of users communicating with different devices in different languages. These rules are defined by the Internet Society. There are different networks and network protocols, users use while surfing.
TYPES OF PROTOCOLS
Transmission Control Protocol(TCP): It will ensure the data will reach its destination without getting corrupted on the way. The data between the client and server is not lost.
This protocol is used in Emails, documents, etc
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Dynamic Host Control Protocol(DHCP)
File Transfer Protocol(FTP)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP)
Post Office Protocol(POP)
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol secure(HTTPS)
User Datagram Protocol(UDP): data may or may not be delivered. This kind of protocol is used in video conferencing, video games, etc. It is a connection-less protocol which means there is no connection to the user but still data will be sent.
Domain Name System (DNS)
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Now how the internet is connected to the world?
How are countries connected?
How internet became so fast?
This question brings me to the last topic submarine cables. This was possible because of the miracle of modern fiber optics which can be traced to a single man, Narinder Singh Kapany. So the submarine cable is laid on the sea bed and these cables are running across the ocean from one country to another(the above picture illustrates how the cable is spread around the world)
Amazon, Microsoft, and Google own close to 65% market share in cloud data storage, so, understandably, they’d want to control the physical means of transporting that data as well. These three companies now own 63,605 miles of submarine cable.
This is the study material that will help you understand computer networks better
https://youtu.be/IPvYjXCsTg8 by Kunal Kushwaha
This video of 4 hrs explains computer networking as well as the OSI model in depth.